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- [ From max@west.darkside.com (Erik Max Francis)]
-
- RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS UNDER CONSTANT THRUST
-
- A body of mass m0 is accelerating under constant thrust F. Initial
- (rest) acceleration is a0 = F/m0. t is the elapsed time as measured
- from the rest frame.
-
- Effective acceleration (from the rest frame):
-
- a = a0 (1 - v^2/c^2)^(3/2).
-
- Accumulated velocity (from the rest frame):
-
- v = [t^2/(a0^2 + c^2 t^2)].
-
- Accumulated displacement (from the rest frame):
-
- r = (a0^2 + c^2 t^2)^(1/2) - c^2/a0.
-
- Accumulated gamma term:
-
- gamma = (c^2 + a0^2 t^2)/c^2.
-
- Elapsed ship time (as a function of rest time):
-
- tau = (c/a0) ln [(1 + a0^2 t^2/c^2)^(1/2) + a0 t/c].
-
-
- FUEL CONSUMPTION
-
- A ship with mass m0 and initial mass of fuel f0 has a drive which is
- capable of constant fuel consumption K and an exhaust velocity
- (specific impulse) E.
-
- Actual acceleration as a function of time:
-
- a = E K/(m0 + f0 - K t).
-
- Time taken to exhaust fuel:
-
- T = f0/K.
-
- Accumulated velocity as a function of time:
-
- v = E [ln (m0 + f0) - ln (m0 + f0 - K t)].
-
- Final change in velocity after exhausting fuel:
-
- v|T = E [ln (m0 + f0) - ln m0].
-
- Final displacement after exhausting fuel:
-
- r|T = (E/K) [m0 [ln m0 - ln (m0 + f0)] + f0].
-
-
- RELATIVISTIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
-
- A ship with mass m0 and initial mass of fuel f0 has a drive which is
- capable of constant fuel consumption K and an exhaust velocity
- (specific impulse) E.
-
- Final change in velocity after exhausting fuel, taking into account
- relativity:
-
- v|T = (c E D)/(c^2 + E^2 D^2)^(1/2),
-
- where D = ln (m0 + f0) - ln m0.
-
-
- MOMENTS OF INERTIA
-
- Do you want these?
-
-
- RINGWORLD PARAMETERS
- (figures from _The Ringworld Role-Playing Game_)
-
- Mass of Ringworld:
-
- m = 2.1 x 10^27 kg.
-
- Radius of Ringworld:
-
- r = 1.5288 x 10^11 m.
-
- Width of Ringworld:
-
- w = 1.604 x 10^9 m.
-
- Thickness of Ringworld:
-
- t = 30 m.
-
- Spin-induced "gravity" at surface of Ringworld:
-
- a = 9.73 m/s^2.
-
- Apparently angular size of portion of Ringworld floor as seen from
- surface of Ringworld a central angle theta away:
-
- phi = arctan [(s/r)/(4 sin theta)].
-
- Tension stress induced in Ringworld by rotation:
-
- sigma = m a/(2 pi w t).
-
-
- ANALYSES OF ORBITS
-
- A body falls from a distance r0 to a distance r from a central body
- with mass M.
-
- Accumulated deltavee:
-
- deltav = [2 G M/(1/r - 1/r0)].
-
-
- A planet with mass m is in orbit around a Sun with mass M. The
- planet's orbit has eccentricity e and angular momentum l.
-
- Energy associated with orbit:
-
- E = [G^2 m^3 M^2/(2 l^2)] (e^2 - 1).
-
- For an ellipse with semimajor axis a:
-
- E = -G m M/(2 a).
-
-
- VELOCITIES OF BODIES IN ORBIT
-
- A planet is in orbit around a Sun with mass M. The following
- represents the velocity v at a point when the planet is at a distance
- r from the primary.
-
- For a circle:
-
- v = (G M/r)^2.
-
- For an ellipse (with semimajor axis a):
-
- v = [2 G M [1/r - 1/(2 a)]].
-
- For a parabola:
-
- v = (2 G M/r)^2.
-
- For an hyperbola with eccentricity e and minimum planet-Sun distance
- alpha:
-
- v = [2 G M [1/r + (e - 1)/(2 alpha)]].
-
-
- HAWKING RADIATION
-
- For a black hole with mass m, total power output P is
-
- P = k/m^2
-
- where k is a constant, on the order of 10^34 kg m^2.
-
- Blackbody thermodynamic temperature of black hole with mass m (sigma
- is Stefan-Boltzmann constant):
-
- T = [(c^4 k)/(16 pi sigma G^2)]^(1/4) (1/m).
-
- For a black hole with initial mass m0, the amount of time required for
- black hole to completely dissolve is
-
- tau = c^2 m0^3/(3 k).
-
-
- GRAVITATIONAL DISRUPTION
-
- Total energy required to completely gravitational disrupt a uniform,
- spherical body of mass M and radius R:
-
- E = (9/15) G M^2/R.
-
-
- That's most of the stuff I have right now. Please let me know if you
- have any questions or problems with the above formulae. If you have
- any other specific problems you'd like to have solutions to (I love to
- solve problems), let me know and I'll see if I can work them out.
-